목차
1.Introduction
2.Objectives
3.Theory
1)Combustion
2)Fuels
(2)Liquid
and fuels
3)Solid Fuel Characterization
(1) Proximate
analysis
(2)Ultimate anlysis
(3)Heating value analysis
(4)Thermo -
gravimetric analysis
4.Experimental Procedure
1)Moisture content
2)Ash
content
3)Volatile matter
4)Fixed carbon
5. analysis of
results
6.result &
discussion
7.reference
본문
2)Fuels
(1)Solidfuels:CoalandBiomass
Coalis
one
of
most
important
fuel
in
Korea
for
electricity
production
and
other
industrialuses.Itconsistsoftheremainsofvegetationdepositsofpastgeologicages,
aftersubjectionofbiochemicalactions,highpressure,temperature,andsubmersion.The
characteristics
of
coal
vary
considerably
with
location,
and
even
within
a
given
mine
thereissomevariationincomposition.Dependingonthelevelofcoalificationprocess,
coal
is
categorized
into
different
ranks:
peat,
lignite,
sub-bituminous
bituminous
and
anthracite.
While
coal
is
fossil
fuel,
biomass
is
a
‘renewable’
resource.
The
energy
source
that
inducestherenewabilityofbiomassisthesunlightorradiationfromthesuncaptured
by
photosynthesis.
The
term
““biomass””
is
used
to
describe
all
living
matter
derived
fromplants,suchastrees,grass,animals,fungiandalgae.
Theanalysisofasampleofsolidfuelisgivenononeoftwobases:
?Proximateanalysis:moisture,volatilematter,fixedcarbon,andashcontents(%weight)
?Ultimateanalysis:carbon,hydrogen,sulfur,nitrogen,oxygencontent(%weight)Proximate
analysisprovidestheinformationonthemodeofcombustionwithwhichwearevery
familiarasshowninFig.2.Whenwoodburns,moistureevaporatesfirstattemperatures
o
around100
C(seeFig.3).Athighertemperatures,drywooddecomposesthermallyinto
volatilematterandchar(fixedcarbon).Volatilematterreleasedfromthesolidfuelforms
flame
around
char
by
combustion.
Char
is
the
black
solid
residue
which
glows
red
duringcombustion.Charismostlycarbon,whilevolatilematterisamixtureofvarious
species
including
light
gases
(such
as
CO
and
H2)
and
many
heavy
compounds
(sometimes
called
‘tar’)
in
the
form
of
vapors.
Therefore,
the
moisture
content
from
proximateanalysisprovideshowwetthefuelis.Thevolatilemattercontentandfixed
carboncontentdeterminewhatfractionofthefuelwillbeburnedinthegasphaseand
in
the
solid
phase,
respectively.
The
ash
content
is
the
fraction
of
the
residue
after
completecombustion.
Reactions of
volatile matter
Char
(Fixed
carbon)
Ash
Fig.2Combustionofwood.
Fig.3Combustionprocessofsolidfuels
Ultimateanalysisprovidestheelementalcompositionofthecombustiblefraction(volatile
matter
and
fixed
carbon)
in
a
fuel.
This
does
not
include
the
moisture
which
is
determined
by
the
proximate
analysis.
Table
1
shows
the
typical
values
of
moisture,
carbon,hydrogenandoxygencontentsforwoodanddifferentranksofcoal.
Table1.Typicalcompositionofwood(biomass)andcoal.
(2)Liquidandgasfuels
Most
liquid
and
gaseous
hydrocarbon
fuels
are
a
mixture
of
many
different
hydrocarbons.
For
example,
gasoline
consists
primarily
of
a
mixture
of
about
40
hydrocarbons,withmanyotherspresentinverysmallquantities.
본문내용
stion. Various forms of fuels are available for use,
including many fossil fuels
(coal, petroleum and natural gas) and renewable
fuels (biomass andbiofuel). The fuels
consist mainly of C(carbon),
H(hydrogen) and O(oxygen) with difference compositions.
Depending on the
phase (solid, liquid, gas) and chemical composition, the fuels show
different behaviors during combustion. For efficient
energy
참고문헌
1)fundmentals of thermodynamics - richard E. sonntag claus
borgnakkke, gordon j.van wylen
2)C. Borgnakke and R.Sonntag, 2009(7 th
ed), Fundamentals of Thermodynamics,
Chapter 15 - Combustion , John Wiley
& Sons Ltd.
3)A. Williams et al. 2000, Combustion and Gasification of
Coal , Applied energy
technology series, Taylor & Francis, New
York
4)S. R. Turns 2000, (2th ed), An Introduction To Combustion , McGraw
-Hill |
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